https://www.ccfanow.org/chronicles-of-indian-territory daily 0.75 2026-01-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631813891163-ZIUP97PBVRDBRNCYYDTD/Chronicles+of+Freedmen+-+cover.png Chronicles of Indian Territory https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632865807619-CKS2KD0M5JFCR31KM7DQ/Cover+Page+Montage+copy.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ccfanow.org/chronicles-of-indian-territory/g4eapatw90tswalgu4lbvyc4z4rh2p-yb4y6-nmwmd-kwwja monthly 0.5 2021-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632867255146-JMT7P0T4UMY70PRKSVUW/DailyArdmoreite_Aug.04%2C1898p3c3_AColoredPow-WowNearBerwyn_FX_EmancipationDay.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - “A Colored Pow-Wow” - Make it stand out Daily Ardmoreite, August 4, 1898 P3C3 https://www.ccfanow.org/chronicles-of-indian-territory/g4eapatw90tswalgu4lbvyc4z4rh2p-yb4y6-nmwmd monthly 0.5 2021-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632866704768-PO76FZM2H1GPBU25K1PH/ThoseChickasawFreedmen_Ex-IndianSlaves-fxB.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - “Those Chickasaw Freedmen” - Make it stand out Daily Ardmoreite, April 16, 1903 P5C1 https://www.ccfanow.org/chronicles-of-indian-territory/g4eapatw90tswalgu4lbvyc4z4rh2p-yb4y6 monthly 0.5 2021-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632866183755-XR3L7PKFXCD6CKXL5JJI/CCF+Grievance+Assoc.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - “Adoption of Freedmen Children” - Make it stand out Choctaw-Chickasaw Freedmen’s Grievance Association Broken Arrow Ledger June 1, 1905 p3c3 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632866268740-2M6B9K6PJ4GEUGBVB0BD/Minor+Freedmen.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - “Adoption of Freedmen Children” - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ccfanow.org/chronicles-of-indian-territory/g4eapatw90tswalgu4lbvyc4z4rh2p monthly 0.5 2021-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632417594534-BOAAVNR4VNA8CBAYIBAB/DailyArdmoreite_Sept.15%2C1898_Indian+Territory+Colored+Man%E2%80%99s+Paradise-p2c1_FX02_ColoredMan%27sParadise.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - “Indian Territory Will Be a Colored Man’s Paradise” - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632417659472-DRSDH3ROHCAL1UPOY598/DailyArdmoreite_Sept.15%2C1898_Indian+Territory+Colored+Man%E2%80%99s+Paradise-p2c1_FX01.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - “Indian Territory Will Be a Colored Man’s Paradise” - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632417704054-XCSNH0NGKW8R9J3D97D1/DailyArdmoreite_Sept.15%2C1898_Indian+Territory+Colored+Man%E2%80%99s+Paradise-p2c1_FX03_EnrollingNegroes.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - “Indian Territory Will Be a Colored Man’s Paradise” - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ccfanow.org/chronicles-of-indian-territory/indian-territory-census-1900 monthly 0.5 2021-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631820796841-FVY8OAO323I85EQZLO94/Indian+Territory+Census-+TL.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - Indian Territory Census (1900) - Make it stand out Daily Ardmoreite, September 06, 1900 p2c2 https://www.ccfanow.org/chronicles-of-indian-territory/igx0j19fvjyjgo2abpdcrclkrtlxpz monthly 0.5 2021-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631820066658-LXW7SN4WCZNMYX13PPPE/Boyce+Speech.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - Five Slave Holding Tribes: Side with Confederacy Because of the Economic Growth The Red Wing Sentinel September 24, 1859 p1c2 When we look at the history of chattel slavery among the Five Slave Holding Tribes, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek-Muskogee and Seminole it is important to consider the context of our ancestor’s actions and why they chose certain methods to resolve critical issues: like slavery? The climate in the United States and its attitude toward the Slave Holding Tribes was said to be part of the decision they considered when they decided to fight on the side of the Confederacy. In this little article that was published just before the outbreak of the rebellion, Congressman W.W. Boyce of South Carolina gave a speech that compared territories on the continent like Nebraska, Washington, Utah and New Mexico and their suitability for the business of agricultural production maintained by the institution of slavery. Because of climate, geography and proximity to distribution routes none of the territories mentioned had the suitability to maintain the institution of slavery like “the country west of Arkansas,” Indian Territory. Congressman Boyce ends his presentation by expounding on the sanctity of “treaties” and how bound the parties involved are to maintain those treaties. Over a century later, the descendants of their “freedmen” are asking that the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, maintain the Treaty of 1866 and grant “full rights and privileges of citizenship” to the descendants of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Freedmen. https://www.ccfanow.org/chronicles-of-indian-territory/blog-post-title-two-ba422 monthly 0.5 2021-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631819155585-KHZE0H2YF7A59L0A095Z/Colbert+Negros+Article-++pic.jpg Chronicles of Indian Territory - Terrorized in Indian Territory: Black Native Americans Intimidated on their Homelands. - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ccfanow.org/events-1 daily 0.75 2026-01-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631901499952-2EI0YXM93K3YNJUAVUZ9/Upcoming%2BEvents%2Bbanner.jpg Events - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ccfanow.org/events-1/event-one-dz87p monthly 0.5 2021-09-17 https://www.ccfanow.org/home daily 1.0 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1628528657098-X9X32J3UOY8TVOAD7MA8/logo-+postcard.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/92b12eac-6139-44e3-9e1b-7d3496977ba5/CCFA-+Black+History+Month.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/645db5e5-182a-4eec-8921-5abbe0ef8a58/Chickasaw-Removal-+Tom+Phillips-+Sandy+W+has+the+Org.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632431203578-AFQFA0O360MYNRQT26FE/dawes.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/9a359a61-138e-4ef3-aee3-c1c499dc715e/Indian+Freedman+-+Ancestors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/158fc765-00fc-4409-b803-7e1e997399e1/GAO+thumbnail.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/7f8d3e8c-39bd-420a-bcb2-ec03ab9aca01/The+Choctaw+Freedmen+of+Skullyville-+Walton-Raji%2C+Angela.jpeg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/4fa8274e-49d3-4ded-9023-b534b562d43a/Enslaved+on+the+Trail+of+Tears-++Ligon%2C+T..jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1627749244780-2GHVBRCWDW2O9F8YPJCV/ricardo-gomez-angel-jgQqGdofnBc-unsplash.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1629057802446-UBBTVBVYROZOFDZEFH67/35-1766a.gif https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/c203e9b3-f2be-4c6b-9e2f-1f8584440906/CCFA+Logo.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1632606367372-0BV8JEGGZC7KMWZUFOCG/EPK+logo.png Home - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1629163054817-90F6JNEK8KRIJG3RITCS/bookshelf-black.jpg Home “Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedmen are national treasures. 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Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631745538243-WV4DGA8YTLYP8DLM1IC3/Genealogy-+pic5.png Genealogy- Start Here - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ccfanow.org/genealogy-records-before-the-dawes-roll daily 0.75 2026-01-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631745008406-FHVHH1WP2FZVSZTNBEVD/Cover+Page+Montage+copy.jpg Genealogy- Records Before the Dawes Roll - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631746411533-XQGOS9UFHIN1DW5C2K76/pre+dawes-Picture1.png Genealogy- Records Before the Dawes Roll - Make it stand out Portion of Freedman page of 1896 Roll. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631746487057-TXTR5K1B25J33JR866BX/pre+dawes-Picture2.png Genealogy- Records Before the Dawes Roll - Make it stand out Source: “ Oklahoma and Indian Territory, U.S. Indian Censuses and Rolls, 1851-1959”. 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Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631809450523-5PGEEACF3RBT8KGAUW6Z/pt-3+Picture-+2.png Genealogy- Researching the Slavery Era - Make it stand out Runaway Slave Ad, Choctaw Intelligencer, 1850. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631809551862-ZSBPG3CSGXN3AIQS2PKV/pt-3+Picture-+3.png Genealogy- Researching the Slavery Era - Make it stand out www,mappingthefreedmensbureau.com Map Showing Slavery in Indian Territory https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631809603101-SQDBWASYEOKRIWOEF689/pt-3+Picture-+4.png Genealogy- Researching the Slavery Era - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631809659565-KQIULEFJCWGSKITM8JVU/pt-3+Picture-+5.png Genealogy- Researching the Slavery Era - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631809820387-1Q4L0MJT73PV2BJJT21Q/pt-3+Picture-+6.jpg Genealogy- Researching the Slavery Era - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631809993877-GSV24GUD4FGCTEDUY285/pt-3+Picture-+7.jpg Genealogy- Researching the Slavery Era - Make it stand out Source of images and data: "United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Commissioner, 1865-1872," images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9T4-Y9PM-R?cc=2431126&wc=S1ND-PTL%3A1552901202%2C1552904601 : 12 February 2015), Registers and Letters Received > Roll 21, Letters received, H-L, Oct 1865-Feb 1866 > image 766 of 1017; citing NARA microfilm publications M742 and M752 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1969 and 1973). https://www.ccfanow.org/genealogy-oral-history daily 0.75 2026-01-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631811067905-OET3E4LA421UE2INJLGI/pt-4+Picture1.png Genealogy- Oral History - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631811192843-NWY3W6W2K66O24TROV69/pt-4+Picture-+2.png Genealogy- Oral History - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ccfanow.org/congressional-records-set daily 0.75 2026-01-23 https://www.ccfanow.org/videos daily 0.75 2026-01-23 https://www.ccfanow.org/ccfa-freedmen-report-concerns-to-us daily 0.75 2026-01-23 https://www.ccfanow.org/meet-the-leadership-team daily 0.75 2026-01-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631920471754-ATLCEK95FGW0ZA5M8NZ4/0CA707B3-3F2D-4B25-A16E-65510B4C3796.jpeg Meet the Leadership Team https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631920525005-EFMV2FE94632KPF6O7MI/Sandy%2BWilliams-%2Bheadshot.jpg Meet the Leadership Team https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631920636617-S0GXR8WK9B0894J1F5NU/AFECE9FE-9C5D-4F77-8C5D-4C94D60E7C94.jpg Meet the Leadership Team https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631920719239-U1K2BZ9A1RZ31SRM7PSF/terry+ligon-+headshot.jpg Meet the Leadership Team https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631920733791-FCDW7HMTYZLPMMI8900E/Angela+bio+pic.jpg Meet the Leadership Team https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1631722945930-MD9NEVRF9I3HCRKLA0Y7/CCFA+Logo-++Favicon.jpg Meet the Leadership Team - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ccfanow.org/celebrating-our-ancestors daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1643911833018-PCCY3X6M7PJWLQNOEW1G/Bettie%27s+List-+header.png Celebrating Our Ancestors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1643911982875-1IJ1W0W9B7CFHAZRRATO/African-Native%2BAm%2BGe%2BBlog%2Bheader.jpg Celebrating Our Ancestors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/c203e9b3-f2be-4c6b-9e2f-1f8584440906/logo-+postcard.png Celebrating Our Ancestors https://www.ccfanow.org/equity-case-7071 daily 0.75 2022-10-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/f45e1a34-7433-4ed7-b49b-20c7ff6a4213/ELA56_7071_63557283_Page_095.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/396db1ec-4039-48b0-bd67-3a4b0d6a59e8/7071org.jpg Equity Case 7071 - Make it stand out 8 ORIGINAL BRIEF EQUITY CASE 7071 PAGE 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/48df9d68-76ed-4b76-b49b-8704031d3c11/TahlequahArrow_April29%2C1905p1c4_CitizenshipCasesPending_PERRY%2CJoe%26Dillard_Edit.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/9495b59d-a746-4a2d-a96f-313877cac1d9/Muskogee_Times_Democrat_Sat__Nov_25__1905_p1c5%266_ImportantDecision_Edit.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/db36eaf9-3bb0-4078-9d4b-330ba2aad2e4/St__Louis_Post_Dispatch_Sun__Nov_11__1906_p20c1_PerryBrothersWinFight_Edit-A.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/d8f82547-eab0-4e66-a4a7-f2f264270e15/Muskogee_Times_Democrat_Fri__Nov_16__1906_p1c5%266_SenatorsHearChargesAgainstBixby%26Beall_Page1_EDIT.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/31fd8522-4a3a-4137-9679-b39908a142e9/Muskogee_Times_Democrat_Fri__Mar_1__1907_p6c1_RooseveltAskedForOpinion_EDIT.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/c2691a9c-67de-414f-9568-dfecaf0ee20f/Important+Suit.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/9b3df2cf-b859-45e0-af70-ee41e912b635/Picture1.jpg https://www.ccfanow.org/gallery-1 daily 0.75 2025-10-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/2473530c-d38f-4c17-bd35-ed21b876a4e8/1.png Indian Territory- Pre Removal Title card with the text "FREEDMEN OF INDIAN TERRITORY" centered on a brown textured background, surrounded by gold ornate picture frames, some containing images of historical documents and artifacts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/7493e593-70ef-4abe-8ef9-b04ea1665aeb/2.png Indian Territory- Pre Removal Text panel titled 'Before Indian Removal' with background of distressed wall, surrounded by framed paintings and ornate picture frames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/d91b896a-0ea5-40ca-a5df-905febe20a59/3.png Indian Territory- Pre Removal Informational display titled 'The Indian Removal Era and the Trail of Tears (1830-1840s).' It explains that the U.S. government forced the Five Civilized Tribes to relocate westward under the Indian Removal Act of 1830, carrying entire societies including enslaved and free people of African descent and African-Natives into Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma). It mentions that hundreds of enslaved and free African and African-Native people walked the Trail of Tears alongside their Native enslavers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/65a3090f-cd8d-4936-b3dc-be4d9a8d1bf7/4.png Indian Territory- Pre Removal An informational display titled 'The Indian Removal Era and the Trail of Tears (1830-1840s)' with estimated enslaved populations relocated of Cherokee ~1,600, Choctaw ~2,000, Chickasaw ~1,000, Creek ~900, and Seminole ~500, set against a textured brown background with decorative frames and cracked wall effects. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/aa1f48b4-b0b5-4ead-9230-479706ba9b0f/5.png Indian Territory- Pre Removal A presentation slide titled 'The Indian Removal Era and the Trail of Tears (1830-1840s)' with a brown background, cracked texture, and ornate gold picture frames surrounding images and text. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1a4780a5-63d7-43c4-b0df-9f404d6c1836/6.png Indian Territory- Pre Removal Information about emancipation in the United States on a brown textured background, decorated with vintage picture frames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/3f40857f-d84d-4033-baca-c21fa3487815/7.png Indian Territory- Pre Removal A historical exhibit about emancipation featuring text about the Treaty of 1866 and the Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedman, surrounded by ornate gold picture frames on a textured brown background. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/af58e428-8252-417b-9abd-4355413edba9/8.png Indian Territory- Pre Removal Text panel titled 'Emancipation' with background of cracked, brown wall and partial images of ornate picture frames around photographs and artwork. https://www.ccfanow.org/general-inquiries daily 0.75 2025-11-22 https://www.ccfanow.org/equity-case-7071-bettie-ligon daily 0.75 2025-11-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/7f2f8aa3-96de-4358-aea2-cb8a7d968229/Bettie+Ligon-+pic.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/0065de14-571e-48b9-97c6-de572af06fea/7071+Cover.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/0a31f23e-f9be-4a3e-9667-a67184785b9a/terry+ligon-+headshot.jpg https://www.ccfanow.org/gao-report-of-freedmen-in-indian-territory daily 0.75 2026-01-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/8b8827e4-f0d3-404f-b124-d6824e450f4e/GAO+thumbnail.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/a86912c8-ea52-4abe-ae8c-c7c899e7fb61/index-final-dawes-rolls.jpg..webp https://www.ccfanow.org/black-history-in-indian-territory daily 0.75 2026-02-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/b152be9a-c691-4c99-948e-c56321611e5a/CCFA-+Black+History+Month.png https://www.ccfanow.org/story-submission-form daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61046b9e78a7fc61dcc861c3/1627749244780-2GHVBRCWDW2O9F8YPJCV/ricardo-gomez-angel-jgQqGdofnBc-unsplash.jpg